Who says what are game-elements?

Bernard Suits (1987) "Definition of playing a game; the voluntary effort to overcome unnecessary obstacles"

How do the following people define a game? Johan Huizinga, Caillois, Costello and Edmonds, Crookall, Oxford, and Saunders, Katie Salen and Erik Zimmerman, R. Garris, Dr Martin Seligman, Amy Jo Kim, Brian Sutton-Smith, Burghardt, Pamela Kato, Malone and Lepper, Hannu Korhonen, Ritterfeld, Cody and Vorderer, Csikszentmihalyi, Nick Yee, Gabe Zicherman, Cordova and Lepper, Sherry, Raph Koster, Jane Mc Gonigal, Barbaros Bostan, Tom Chatfield, Chris Crawford, Richard D. Duke.

H
1		 C
2		 C
3		 C
4		 K
5		 G
6		 S
7		 K
8		 B
9		 B
10		 K
11		 M
12		 K
13		 R
14		 C
15		 Y
16		 Z
17		 C
18		 S
19		 K
20		 G
21		 B
22		 S
23		 C
24		 C
25		 C
26		 D
27
                                                       
Challenge • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Chance • • • • • •
Competition • • • • • • • • •
Control • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Engagement • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Freedom • • • • • • • •
Goals/rewards • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Identity • • • • • •
Interaction • • • • • • • • • • •
Mystery • • • • • •
Rules • • • • • • •
Sensory stimuli • • • • • • • • • • •
Social binding • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Unproductive • • •
Unreal • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Challenge Chance Competition Control Engagement Freedom Goals/rewards Identity Interaction Mystery Rules Sensory stimuli Social binding Unproductive Unreal

Size does matter;

Challenge Engagement Goals Social binding Unreal Competition Sensory stimuli Mystery Control Chance Freedom Interaction Rules Identity Unproductive

Game elements devided

Gameplay (these elements are located more at the player's side): Engagement Challenge Social binding Mystery Freedom Identity
Gamemechanics (these elements are located more at the game's side): Goals/rewards Control Interaction Sensory stimuli Rules Unreal Competition Chance Unproductive



While creating this table it became more or less a bowl of fruit, about game-elements, motivational factors, and game/gamification dilemma included.

Remarks and questions:

 Liberty on definitions is taken... ie;
• Creation is gathered with goals
• feedback is inside interaction
• sensory stimuli became a rather wide container

• Control might fit in with challenge, so does competition?
• Can Identity be matched within social binding?
• Unproductive matching unreal? or left out?
• Competition with challenge?
• or competition with social binding?
• or interaction, feedback and control?
• Should/can control be named "mastery"?
• Is fun missing in this table?
• Remarkable how little rules en interaction is explicated, but probably taken for granted often

Jelle Jespers, Priebatsch, Greg Costikyan 1994 (I have no words + I must design) and many others are still missing!! Raph koster needs some more attention, suits might be included in the tabel, and chris Crawford is not ready yet... work in progress, or to be continued...